EFEITOS DA TESTOSTERONA, ESTRADIOL OU PROGESTERONA NA DECOMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE RATOS CASTRADOS

Previous results from our laboratory showed that males and females buried in the same place and in the same environmental conditions, conduct the male bodies to reach complete skeletonization before the female ones. So, it was decided to investigate if castrated male rats submitted to different steroid treatments showed different body decomposition patterns. Fifty male Wistar rats were anesthetized at 21 days of age and 40 of them were castrated while 10 were submitted to sham surgeries. The animals were divided into the following groups: Co- Control (sham surgery); Ca- Castreted; T- Testosterone (castrated + testosterone propionate); E- Estradiol (castrated + estradiol cipionate); P- Progesterone (castrated + progesterone). The animals were killed at 81 days of age in a CO2 chamber and were buried in the same grave. Exhumation was done 120 days after burial. The body decomposition was more advanced in the Group T, decreasingly followed by the Groups P, Co and Ca. The Group E was not considered in the analysis because of the significant if differences in body weight in comparison to the other groups in the time of death. The results indicate that steroid sexual hormones can interfere in the process of the body decomposition. This experimental biological model raises an important implication for forensic purposes, once hormonal profiles can induce different aspects of the body decomposition in the same interval of time, opening a precedent to justify investigation of human material to avoid doubts in the determination of the time since death in criminal investigations.  Resultados prévios do nosso laboratório mostraram que ratos machos e fêmeas, quando sepultados em um mesmo local e sob as mesmas condições ambientais apresentam decomposição corporal diferenciada, com os corpos dos machos atingindo esqueletização completa antes das fêmeas. Então, decidiu-se investigar se ratos machos castrados submetidos a diferentes tratamentos com esteróides sexuais desenvolveriam padrões diferentes de decomposição corporal. Cinqüenta ratos Wistar machos foram anestesiados aos 21 dias de idade e 40 deles foram castrados enquanto 10 foram submetidos à cirurgia sham. Os animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Co- Controle (cirurgia sham); Ca- Castrado; T- Testosterona (castração + propionato de testosterona); E- Estradiol (castração + cipionato de estradiol); P- Progesterona (castração + progesterona). Os animais foram mortos aos 81 dias de idade em câmara de CO2 e foram sepultados no mesmo local. A exumação foi feita 120 dias após o sepultamento. A decomposição corporal estava mais avançada no grupo T, seguindo decrescentemente pelos grupos P, Co e Ca. O grupo E não foi considerado nesta análise devido à diferença significativa no peso corporal no momento da morte em relação aos outros grupos. Os resultados indicaram que os hormônios esteróides sexuais podem interferir no processo de decomposição corporal. Esse modelo biológico experimental apresenta uma importante implicação forense, uma vez que perfis hormonais podem induzir diferentes aspectos na decomposição corporal no mesmo intervalo de tempo, abrindo um precedente para justificar a investigação em material humano para evitar dúvidas na determinação do tempo desde a morte em investigações criminais

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular. Project Guidelines: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2015

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Efficient isolation of membrane-associated exopolysaccharides of four commercial bifidobacterial strains

Bifidobacteria confer many health effects, such as fiber digestion, pathogen inhibition and immune system maturation, especially in the newborn infant. The bifidobacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are often associated with important health effects, but their thorough investigation is hampered by lack of knowledge of the EPS localization, which is important for efficient EPS isolation. Here we present a straightforward isolation procedure to obtain EPS of four commercial bifidobacterial strains (B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. infantis), that are localized at the cell membrane (evidenced using cryo-EM). This procedure can be applied to other bifidobacterial strains, to facilitate the easy isolation and purification for biological experiments and future application in nutraceuticals. In addition, we demonstrate structural differences in the EPS of the four bifidobacterial strains, in terms of monosaccharide composition and size, highlighting the potential of the isolated EPS for determining specific structure-activity effects of bifidobacteria

Determinant representation for some transition probabilities in the TASEP with second class particles

We study the transition probabilities for the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on the infinite integer lattice with a finite, but arbitrary number of first and second class particles. Using the Bethe ansatz we present an explicit expression of these quantities in terms of the Bethe wave function. In a next step it is proved rigorously that this expression can be written in a compact determinantal form for the case where the order of the first and second class particles does not change in time. An independent geometrical approach provides insight into these results and enables us to generalize the determinantal solution to the multi-class TASEP.Comment: Minor revision; journal reference adde

Low methyl-esterified pectin protects pancreatic beta-cells against diabetes-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress via galectin-3

Insufficient intake of dietary fibers in Western societies is considered a major contributing factor in the high incidence rates of diabetes. The dietary fiber pectin has been suggested to be beneficial for management of both Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2, but mechanisms and effects of pectin on insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells are unknown. Our study aimed to determine the effects of lemon pectins with different degree of methyl-esterification (DM) on beta-cells under oxidative (streptozotocin) and inflammatory (cytokine) stress and to elucidate the underlying rescuing mechanisms, including effects on galectin-3. We found that specific pectins had rescuing effects on toxin and cytokine induced stress on beta-cells but effects depended on the pectin concentration and DM value. Protection was more pronounced with low DM5 pectin and was enhanced with higher pectin-concentrations. Our findings show that specific pectins might prevent diabetes by making insulin producing beta-cells less susceptible for stress

The trans-activation domain of the sporulation response regulator Spo0A revealed by X-ray crystallography

Sporulation in Bacillus involves the induction of scores of genes in a temporally and spatially co-ordinated programme of cell development. Its initiation is under the control of an expanded two-component signal transduction system termed a phosphorelay. The master control element in the decision to sporulate is the response regulator, Spo0A, which comprises a receiver or phosphoacceptor domain and an effector or transcription activation domain. The receiver domain of Spo0A shares sequence similarity with numerous response regulators, and its structure has been determined in phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms. However, the effector domain (C-Spo0A) has no detectable sequence similarity to any other protein, and this lack of structural information is an obstacle to understanding how DNA binding and transcription activation are controlled by phosphorylation in Spo0A. Here, we report the crystal structure of C-Spo0A from Bacillus stearothermophilus revealing a single alpha -helical domain comprising six alpha -helices in an unprecedented fold. The structure contains a helix-turn-helix as part of a three alpha -helical bundle reminiscent of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP), suggesting a mechanism for DNA binding. The residues implicated in forming the sigma (A)-activating region clearly cluster in a flexible segment of the polypeptide on the opposite side of the structure from that predicted to interact with DNA. The structural results are discussed in the context of the rich array of existing mutational data

Search for Primordial Black Holes with SGARFACE

The Short GAmma Ray Front Air Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) uses the Whipple 10 m telescope to search for bursts of $\gamma$ rays. SGARFACE is sensitive to bursts with duration from a few ns to $\sim$20 $\mu$s and with $\gamma$-ray energy above 100 MeV. SGARFACE began operating in March 2003 and has collected 2.2 million events during an exposure time of 2267 hours. A search for bursts of $\gamma$ rays from explosions of primordial black holes (PBH) was carried out. A Hagedorn-type PBH explosion is predicted to be visible within 60 pc of Earth. Background events were caused by cosmic rays and by atmospheric phenomena and their rejection was accomplished to a large extent using the time-resolved images. No unambiguous detection of bursts of $\gamma$ rays could be made as the remaining background events mimic the expected shape and time development of bursts. Upper limits on the PBH explosion rate were derived from the SGARFACE data and are compared to previous and future experiments. We note that a future array of large wide-field air-Cherenkov telescopes equipped with a SGARFACE-like trigger would be able to operate background-free with a 20 to 30 times higher sensitivity for PBH explosions.Comment: 18 pages, 30 figures, accepted by Astroparticle Physics, corrected author list and Section 2.

Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation

We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence, which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium. Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02